B.Ed CC5 Computer Paper Dec 2020 Solution

 Saurashtra University 

B.Ed. Sem 3

CC5 Computer 

Dec 2020 Paper Solution

B.Ed. CC5 Computer One liner Question

B.Ed. CC5 કમ્પ્યુટરના પ્રશ્નો

1. NAD નું ફૂલ ફોર્મ શુ છે.

National Academic Depository

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

2. ઓપન શૈક્ષણિક સંસાધનોનો રાષ્ટ્રીય ભંડાર એટલે..

NREOR

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

3. NREOR નું ફુલફોર્મ શું છે ?

National Repository of Open Educational Resources

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

4. સ્વંયમ પ્રભા dth પર કુલ કેટલી એજ્યુકેશન ચેનલ આવે છે.

34

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

5. Swayam એટલે

Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

6. DIKSHA નું ફુલફોર્મ શું છે ?

Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

7. Open shot એ...

Video editor છે.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

8. Loom એ

સ્ક્રિન રેકોર્ડર સોફ્ટવેર છે.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

9. OBS નું પૂરું નામ શું છે ?

Open Broadcaster Software

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

10. OBS Studio

video recording સોફ્ટવેર છે.

live streaming સોફ્ટવેર છે.

ઉપરના બન્ને

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

11. Google Drive કેટલી ફ્રી કલાઉડ સ્ટોરેજ આપે છે ?

15 GB

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

12. NCERT નું પૂરું નામ આપો ?

National Council of Educational Research and Training

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

13. Google Classroom માટે શું જરૂરી છે ?

Google account

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

14. JamBoard શુ છે ?

G-suit છે.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

15. Google Calander માં તમે ...

ઉપરના તમામ કાર્યો

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

16. નીચે આપેલ વેબીનારના પ્લેટફોર્મ છે.

ઉપરોક્ત તમામ

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

17. ઓનલાઈન મૂલ્યાંકન માટે ...

ઉપરોક્ત તમામ

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

18. QR નું પૂરું નામ શું છે ?

Quick Response

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

19. Google Classroom માં ક્યુ સાહિત્ય મૂકી શકો છો ?

ઉપરોક્ત તમામ

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

20. ઓનલાઈન ક્લાસનું માધ્યમ જણાવો ?

Google Meet

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

21. હાજરી પત્રક, ગ્રેડ બુક બનાવવા માટે ઉપયોગી છે.

Google Sheet

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

22. ડીલીટ(Delete) કરેલી વસ્તુ કયાં સ્ટોર થાય છે?

Recycle bin

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

23. અક્ષરો બોલ્ડ(Bold) કરવાની શોર્ટકટ કી કઇ છે? 

Ctrl + B

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

24. Ms Word કઇ રીતે રન કરાય છે? 

run ~ winword

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

25. POST નુ પુરુ નામ શુ છે?

Power On Self Test

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

26. વિજાણુ ટપાલ એટલે શું ?

E-mail

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

27. નીચેનામાથી એક સુવિધા એકસેલ એપ્લીકેશનમાં જોવા મળતી નથી.

મેઈલ મર્જ

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

28. ક્યાં પ્રકારની મેમરીને ફક્ત વાંચી શકાય છે ?

ROM

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

29. કિબોર્ડની પ્રથમ લાઇનમાં ડાબી બાજુથી જમણી બાજુની કી નો ક્રમ કયો હોય છે

QWERT

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

30. કમ્પ્યુટર બંધ કરવા માટેની શોર્ટકટ કી કઈ છે ?

Alt + F4

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

31. ક્યા પ્રિન્ટરમાં ટોનરનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે ?

લેઝર પ્રિન્ટર

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

32. ઓપન સોર્સ ઓપરેટિંગ સિસ્ટમ છે.

ઉબન્ટુ

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

33. M S Power point મા સ્લાઇડ શો શરૂ કરવા માટેની ફંક્શન કી કઈ છે ?

F5

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

34. LAN નું પૂરું નામ

Local area network

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

35. પ્રથમ ઇલેકંટ્રોનિક કોમ્પ્યટુર નુ નામ શુ હતું ?

Eniac

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

36. કમ્પ્યુટરમાં વપરાતા બધા Physical Parts અને devices ને શું કહેછે?

Hardware

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

37. IC નુ પૂરું નામ શુછે?

Integrated Circuit

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

38. CU નુ પૂરું નામ શુછે?

Control unit

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

39. માઉસ નું ......... બટન Ok નું કામ કરે છે ?

ડાબું

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

40. માઉસના ડાબા બટનને એક વખત પ્રેસ કરવાની પ્રક્રિયાને શુ કહે છે?

ક્લિકિંગ

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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B.Ed. Sem 3 CC5 આદર્શ પ્રશ્નપત્ર 2

સૌરાષ્ટ્ર યુનિવર્સિટી

B.Ed. Sem 3 CC5 

આદર્શ પ્રશ્નપત્ર 2 

[કુલ 70 ગુણ]

પ્રશ્ન 1. નીચે આપેલા 40 બહુ વિકલ્પી પ્રશ્નો પૈકી કોઈપણ 20 ના ઉત્તર આપવા. (પ્રત્યેકના 1.5 ગુણ)         [30 ગુણ]

અહીં ક્લિક કરી ટેસ્ટ આપો.

MCQ Test

પ્રશ્ન 2 નીચે આપેલ 16 પ્રશ્નોમાંથી કોઈપણ 8 પ્રશ્નોના જવાબ મુદાસર લખો. (પ્રત્યેકના 5 ગુણ)            [40 ગુણ]

1. કમ્પ્યુટરના પ્રકારો સવિસ્તાર વર્ણવો.
2. કમ્પ્યુટરની મેમરી RAM અને ROM વિશે નોંધ લખો.
3. કમ્પ્યુટર આઉટ પુટ ડીવાઇઝ એટલે શું ? કોઈપણ 2 આઉટપુટ ડીવાઇઝ વિશે નોંધ લખો.
4. કમ્પ્યુટર ઓપરેટિંગ સિસ્ટમ એટલે શું ? ઉબન્ટુ અને વિન્ડો 7 વિશે નોંધ લખો.
5. માઈક્રોસોફટ એક્સેલની નીચે દર્શાવેલ ફોર્મ્યુલા ઉદાહરણ સહિત સમજાવો. Sum,  Average, Min, Max
6. મેઈલ મર્જ એટલે શું ? તેના સોપાનો વર્ણવો.
7. પાવર પોઇન્ટમાં સ્લાઈડ બનાવવાના સોપાનો વર્ણવો.
8. ગુગલ ડોકસ, ગુગલ શીટ, ગુગલ સ્લાઈડ, ગુગલ ડ્રાઇવ વિશે નોંધ લખો. 
9. ગૂગલ ફોર્મ દ્વારા કવિઝ બનાવવાના સોપાનો વર્ણવો.
10. ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ ની વિવિધ પ્રયુક્તિઓ જણાવી. વેબીનાર પ્લેટફોર્મ વિશે વિગતે નોંધ લખો. (ગુગલ કલાસરૂમ, ગૂગલ મીટ, ઝૂમ, વેબીનાર નો પરિચય)
11. ટૂંક નોંધ લખો :-Swayam, Diksha, NAD, NREOR
12. ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણમાં ICT નો ઉપયોગ - વિસ્તૃત નોંધ લખો.
13. ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ મંચ વિશે વિસ્તૃત નોંધ લખો.
14. રેકોર્ડિંગ ટુલ્સ Loom, OBS  studio વિશે નોંધ લખો.
15. વીડિયો એડીટીંગ એટલે શું ? ઓપન શોટ વિશે નોંધ લખો.
16. E pathshala વિશે નોંધ લખો.

CC5 Computer 40 One Liner Question

 1. કીબોર્ડની ઉપરની લાઈનમાં કુલ કેટલી ફંક્શન કી આવેલી હોય છે ?

~~~~

12

2. નીચેનામાંથી ઇનપુટ ડીવાઇઝ નથી ?

સ્પીકર

~~~~

3. ગાણિતિક અને તાર્કિક એકમનું ટૂંકું નામ શું છે ?

ALU

~~~~

4. કટ(Cut) માટેની શોર્ટકટ કી કઇ છે?

ctrl + x

~~~~

5. એક્સેલ(Excel) શીટમાં પહેલી કોલમ(Column) અને પહેલી રો(Row)નું એડ્રેસ શું હોય છે?

A1

~~~~

6. કોઇ પણ પ્રોગ્રામ મીનીમાઇઝ કરતા તે ક્યાં જોવા મળે છે?

task bar

~~~~

7. સ્પેલીંગ ચેક કરવાની શોર્ટકટ કી કઇ છે?

F7

~~~~

8. વિન્ડોની સ્ક્રીનને શુ કહેવામાં આવે છે?

ડેસ્કટોપ

~~~~

9. Ms Office 2007 માં Word ફાઇલનું એક્ષટેન્શન શુ હોય છે?

.docx

~~~~

10. Windows એ કયા પ્રકારી ચાલક પધ્ધતિ કહેવામાં આવે છે?

GUI

~~~~

11. કયો ઓપ્શન આપમેળે જ સામાન્ય ટાઇપીંગ અને સ્પેલીંગમાં થતી ભુલો સુધારે છે?

Auto Correct

~~~~

12. જે સેલમાં કર્સર(Cursor) હોય તે સેલને કયો સેલ કહે છે?

એક્ટિવ સેલ

~~~~

13. લખાણમાંથી કોઇ ચોક્કસ શબ્દ શોધવા કયા વિકલ્પનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે?

find

~~~~

14. 1024 KB = ?

1 MB

~~~~

15. CD માં ડેટા સંગ્રહ કરવાની કેપેસીટી કેટલી હોય છે?

700 mb

~~~~

16. Caps Lock, Num Lockઆ બધાને શુ કહેવાય છે?

ટોગલ કી

~~~~

17. Excel 2007 માં તૈયાર કરેલ ફાઇલનું એક્ષટેન્શન કયુ હોય છે?

.xlsx

~~~~

18. Power point 2007 માં તૈયાર કરેલ ફાઇલનું એક્ષટેન્શન કયુ હોય છે?

.pptx

~~~~

19. ફાઇલમાં સૌથી ઉપરની લાઇન શુ દર્શાવે છે?

ટાઇટલ

~~~~

20. રો(Row) અને કોલમ(Column)થી જે બોક્સ બને તેને શુ કહેવાય છે?

Cell

~~~~

21. કોમ્પ્યુટરમાં Start બટન કયા બારમાં આવેલ છે?

ટાસ્ક બાર

~~~~

22. ઓનલાઈન એજ્યુકેશન માટે કઈ ગૂગલ એપ્સ વધુ ઉપયોગી છે ?

ગૂગલ કલાસરૂમ

~~~~

23. ઈન્ટરનેટ પર સેમિનાર યોજવા માટે.... ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

વેબીનાર

~~~~

24. ગુગલ કલાસરૂમ માટે નીચેનામાંથી શું પસંદ કરશો ?

classroom.google.com

~~~~

25. Google Drive એ....

કલાઉડ સ્ટોરેજ છે.

~~~~

26. ઓનલાઈન માઈક્રોસોફ્ટ વર્ડ જેવી ફાઈલ બનાવવા માટે..... નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Google Docs

~~~~

27. ઓનલાઈન માઈક્રોસોફ્ટ એક્સેલ જેવી ફાઈલ બનાવવા માટે..... નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Google Sheet

~~~~

28. ઓનલાઈન માઈક્રોસોફ્ટ પાવરપોઇન્ટ જેવી ફાઈલ બનાવવા માટે..... નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Google Slide

~~~~

29. નીચેનામાંથી ઓનલાઈન મૂલ્યાંકન શક્ય નથી ?

ટ્વીટર ટેસ્ટ

~~~~

30. *શિક્ષિત ભારત ઉન્નત ભારત* આ સ્લોગન કોનું છે.

SWAYAM

~~~~

31. *learning on the go* આ સ્લોગન કોનું છે.

E-Pathshala

~~~~

32. *platform for teachers* આ શબ્દો ક્યાં જોવા મળે છે.

DIKSHA

~~~~

33. આ એક ડિજિટલ લોકર છે.

NAD

~~~~

34. એન.સી.ઇ.આર.ટી દ્વારા શરૂ કરેલ છે.

E-Pathshala

~~~~

35. સ્વંયમ પ્રભા......

ફ્રી dth ચેનલ છે.

~~~~

36. રાષ્ટ્રીય શૈક્ષણિક થાપણ તરીકે ઓળખાય છે.

nad

~~~~

37. નીચે આપેલ રેકોર્ડિંગ ટુલ્સનું ઉદાહરણ નથી.

twitter live

~~~~

38. વિડીઓ એડીટીંગ માટે ઉપયોગી છે.

openshot

~~~~

39. સ્ક્રીન રેકોર્ડ માટે..... ઉપયોગી છે.

LOOM

~~~~

40. નીચેનામાંથી સ્ક્રીન રેકોર્ડ થઈ શકે નહી..

Google Recorer

BBA :~ IP Addressing

IP means Internet Protocol.

You may have seen the statistics above somewhere.  That is the  address.

An IP address (internet protocol address) is a numerical representation that uniquely identifies a specific interface on the network.

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

An IP address serves two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.

IP address is an address having information about how to reach a specific host, especially outside the LAN.

Network administrators assign an IP address to each device connected to a network. 

Such assignments may be on a static (fixed or permanent) or dynamic basis, depending on network practices and software features.

IP address stands for internet protocol address; it is an identifying number that is associated with a specific computer or computer network. 

 When connected to the internet, the IP address allows the computers to send and receive information. 

IP address is a fascinating product of modern computer technology designed to allow one computer or other device to communicate with another via the Internet.

The unique 32-bit number that identifies a computer on the Internet or some other Internet Protocol network is called IP Address.

IP addresses can be either static or dynamic. Static IP addresses never change.

Dynamic IP addresses are temporary and are assigned each time a computer accesses the Internet.

IP addressing are in the form of xyz.xyz.xyz.xyz where xyz must be a number from 0 to 255. This address is known as an IP address.

Internet Protocol uses a set of rules to send and receive messages points at the internet address level.

Without Internet Protocol nothing can work on the Internet.

Therefore, it is necessary to update Internet Protocols, so that communication on the internet is always fast and efficient.

IP addressing system and transmission control system together handle all the data transfers.

To be able to connect to any given computer via the internet user can need to know its IP address, but because numbers are hard to remember, domain names are used instead.

How an IP Address Works

An IP address allows computers to send and receive data over the internet. Most IP addresses are purely numerical, but as internet usage grows, letters have been added to some addresses. 

There are four different types of IP addresses: public, private, static, and dynamic. 

While the public and private are indicative of the location of the network—private being used inside a network while the public is used outside of a network—static and dynamic indicate permanency. 

A static IP address is one that was manually created, as opposed to having been assigned. 

A static address also does not change, whereas a dynamic IP address has been assigned by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server and is subject to change. 

Dynamic IP addresses are the most common type of internet protocol addresses. Dynamic IP addresses are only active for a certain amount of time, after which they expire.

 The computer will either automatically request a new lease, or the computer may receive a new IP address. 

An IP address can be compared to a Social Security Number (SSN) since each one is completely unique to the computer or user it is assigned to. 

The creation of these numbers allows routers to identify where they are sending information on the internet. 

They also make sure that the correct devices are receiving what is being sent. Much like the post office needs a mailing address to deliver a package, a router needs an IP address to deliver to the web address requested.

IP Address Classification Based on Operational Characteristics

Unicast addressing:

Unicast addressing is the most common concept of an IP address in the Unicast addressing method.

 It is available in both IPv4 and IPv6.

This IP address method refers to a single sender/receiver. 

It can be used for both sending and receiving the data.

In most cases, a Unicast address is associated with a single device or host, but a device or host that may have more than one unicast address.

 

Broadcast addressing

Broadcasting addressing is another addressing method available in IPv4. 

It allows you to manage data to all destinations on a network with a single transmission operation.

The IP address 255.255.255.255 is mostly used for network broadcast. 

 Moreover, limited directed-broadcast uses the all-ones host address with the network prefix.

IPv6 does not provide any implementation and any broadcast addressing. 

It replaces it with multicast to the specially defined all-nodes of the multicast address.

Multicast IP addresses

Multicast IP addresses are used mainly for one-to-many communication. Multicast messages are mostly sent to the IP multicast group address.

In this, routers forward copies of the packet out to every interface with hosts subscribed to that specific group address. 

Only the hosts that require receiving the message will process the packets. All other hosts on that LAN will discard them.

Anycast addressing

In anycast addressing the data, the stream is not transmitted to all receivers. However, just the one that the router decides is closest to the network.

This IP addressing comes as a built-in feature of IPv6. In IPv4, it is implemented by using the Border Gateway Protocol by using the shortest-path metric. 

This method is widely used for global load balancing and is also used in distributed DNS systems. 

Type of IP Address	Description
Public IP	A public IP address is an address where one primary address is associated with your whole network.
Private IP	A private IP address is a unique IP number assigned to every device that connects to your home internet network.
Dynamic IP	Dynamic IP addresses always keep changing. It is temporary and are allocated to a device every time it connects to the web.
Static IP	Static IP address never changes, but it can be altered as part of routine network administration.
Shared IP	The IP address is not unique and it is shared with other websites.
Dedicated IP	Dedicated IP address is assigned uniquely to each website.

 

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યુનિવર્સિટીમાં B.ed CC5 તેમજ અન્ય સ્નાતક અભ્યાસ ક્રમ તેમજ CCC , વિવિધ નોકરીઓ માટેની સ્પર્ધાત્મક પરીક્ષાઓમાં પુછાતા કમ્પ્યુટરને લગતા પ્રશ્નોની યાદી

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BBA :~ Internet connection methods

Some of the most widely used Internet connections are described below. 

The requirements for connecting to the Internet depends on the type of Internet connection you have. There are basically two types of Internet connections : Dial-up connection and Leased line connection.

(A). Dial-up Connection :-

Dial-up connections require users to link their phone line to a computer in order to access the Internet.

Dial-up Internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to establish a connection to an Internet service provider (ISP) by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line.

Dial-up connections use modems to decode audio signals into data to send to a router or computer, and to encode signals from the latter two devices to send to another modem.

Briefly on the main points

• Dial-up connection is also known as Level Two connection.
• A dial-up connection requires a modem, a telephone line and an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• Its networking program is used to connect to the ISP by dialing the phone via modem.
• Dial-up access is really just like a phone connection.
• It uses analog telephone lines.
• User name and Password is used to login to the account and then a PPP connection is established to connect to the Internet.
• Encoding and Decoding of analog signals is done by modem.
• Its speed is only 56 kbps.
• Dial-up connection uses either of the following protocols :

              (1) Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

             (2) Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)

• Dial-up connection's advantages are low cost, safety, availability.
• Dial-up connections' disadvantages are low speed, requires phone line, routes are generally busy.

Dialup connections can be classified as either terminal based or network-based.

• A terminal-based dial up connection involves the use of special terminal emulation software, which makes the local system a terminal of the remote machine.

• In a network-based dial up connection, special networking software transform the local machine into a networked node and provides it with the same capabilities of any other networked node exactly as if it were directly connected to a LAN.

   

The performance of dial up networking is relatively poor due to the limitations of traditional modem technology. 

Many home users are currently replacing their dial up service with high-speed broadband technologies that operate at much higher speeds.

Creating a Dial-up networking connection:-

Step 1. click start then computer panel.

Step 2. click network and internal then. Network and sharing center.

Step 3. click on the set up a new connection or network option.

Step 4. click on connect to the internet.

Step 5. click dial-up.

Step 6. Enter the service provider’s dial-up phone number in the dial-up phone number field. In the user name field type in your full email address allotted by the service provider. In the password field type in your password. For connection name, name your connection. Click the connect option to dial your new dial-up connection.

Step 7. Once connected you will see a THE CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET IS READY TO USE

(B). Leased Line Connection :-

A leased line is a dedicated fixed-bandwidth data connection. 

The word 'leased' refers to the connection rented by the Internet Service Provider directly to a business. A leased line needs to be symmetrical, uncontended and point to point.

A leased line is a private telecommunications circuit between two or more locations provided according to a commercial contract.

Leased lines can be used for telephone, Internet, or other data communication services.

An Internet leased line is a premium Internet connectivity product, normally delivered over fiber, which provides uncontended, symmetrical bandwidth with full-duplex traffic. 

It is also known as an Ethernet leased line, dedicated line, data circuit or private line.

Briefly on the main points of Leased Line 

• Leased line connection is known as direct Internet access or Level Three connection.
• Leased line method is used to send and receive large amount of data in a corporate setting.
• With this connection, your computer is dedicated and directly connected to the Internet using high speed transmission lines.
• It is mainly used for corporate business companies located in large geographical area or long distance offices by connecting through point-to-point connectivity.
• The advantage is that the customer gets the exact bandwidth.
• It is the secure, dedicated and most expensive level of Internet connection.
• Site-to-site data connectivity and site-to-network connectivity- these two are the reliable and popular leased line types available today.

Generally, the leased line used for-

• Carry phone calls
• Link servers and PCs in different offices
• To connect to the internet 
• Make it possible for staffs to their work PCs from home

Advantages of  leased line :~

•     Faster connection speed
•     Easy access to cloud computing
•     Stronger signal
•     Low latency
•     Symmetrical speed
•     High security
•     Cost-effective
•     Capability for HD video

Leased lines usually have these distinctive characteristics:

Symmetrical

Leased lines must be symmetrical. This means they have the same upload and download speed.

Uncontended

Leased lines are  – by definition – uncontended connections, not shared with other users.

They connect two points together, eg the ISP with a business location.

We’re all familiar with a standard internet connection. We get home, connect our phone, tablet or TV and start to stream, browse or download content. 

But when everyone in your area is doing the same thing, this can slow down the connection. This is because these connections are “contended” – bandwidth is shared amongst the users of a local area.

With a dedicated leased line, the bandwidth you require has been given to you and only you have access to it. 

This means that your connection won’t be hampered by peak times throughout the day.

If you own or run your own business, you’ll already be aware of the impact slow internet connections can have. Downloading or sending large files, VoIP conference calls – all can be interrupted by a poor internet connection.

Today the majority of businesses are dependent on the internet. With a strong internet connection, SMEs are exploring rather creating a world of opportunities for them.

 When it comes to a secure and strong connection, leased internet deserves some words.

Which is better Dial-up broadband or leased line?

It depends on the criteria and budget. If you need a high-speed connection with hardcore security and do not want to share the connection, choosing a leased line will be the best choice for you. 

A lot of corporate offices are taking the help of this connection to enhance their work process and security. 

On the other hand, broadband is not a dedicated connection. It is a variable bandwidth and asymmetric i.e. it offers faster download than uploads. And here you may have to share the connection with others. 

If budget is not your main concern, you can go for a leased line.

B.Ed. CC5 :~ ઓનલાઈન શિક્ષણ અને face to face એજ્યુકેશન વચ્ચેનો તફાવત

 

વાંચવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો

BBA : Chatting, Conferencing, Internet Telephony

Internet has given people a much wider choice and has opened up new avenues for them to communicate with others as well as to collect and share information.

Services that the Internet provides to the people have greatly affected our society in almost all areas of human endeavor, be it in business, learning, banking, shopping, making reservations for restaurants, booking movie tickets etc.

Let us learn about the various services provided by the Internet.

(A) E-mail :~

Click here

(B) Chatting :~

Chat is a text-based communication that is live or in real-time.

Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet that offers a real-time transmission of text messages from sender to receiver. 

Chat messages are generally short in order to enable other participants to respond quickly. Thereby, a feeling similar to a spoken conversation is created, which distinguishes chatting from other text-based online communication forms such as Internet forums and email. 

Online chat may address point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers and voice and video chat, or may be a feature of a web conferencing service.

Chat may be delivered through text, verbal, audio, visual or audio-visual (A/V) communication via the Internet. 

If conducted through a desktop, chat requires software that supports Internet Relay Chat (IRC) or an instant messenger application, where a central server manages chat communication between different end user clients.

On the Internet, chatting is talking to other people who are using the Internet at the same time you are. Usually, this "talking" is the exchange of typed-in messages requiring one site as the repository for the messages (or "chat site") and a group of users who take part from anywhere on the Internet. 

In some cases, a private chat can be arranged between two parties who meet initially in a group chat. Chats can be ongoing or scheduled for a particular time and duration. 

Most chats are focused on a particular topic of interest and some involve guest experts or famous people who "talk" to anyone joining the chat.

There are also online chat services that require users to sign up with a valid email address. After signing up, a user may join a group chat room or send a private message to another individual. 

Online chat services have purpose-built chat interfaces that manage the entire communication processes.

The first online chat system was called Talkomatic, created by Doug Brown and David R. Woolley in 1973 on the PLATO System at the University of Illinois.

Various type of Chat :-

There are various types of chats available on the internet.

Online chat in a less stringent definition may be primarily any direct text-based or video-based (webcams), 

one-on-one chat or one-to-many group chat (formally also known as synchronous conferencing), using tools such as instant messengers, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), talkers and possibly MUDs. 

The expression online chat comes from the word chat which means "informal conversation". Online chat includes web-based applications that allow communication – often directly addressed, but anonymous between users in a multi-user environment. 

Web conferencing is a more specific online service, that is often sold as a service, hosted on a web server controlled by the vendor.

1. IRC :~

IRC Stands for "Internet Relay Chat." IRC is a service that allows people to chat with each other online. 

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. 

The chat process works on a client/server networking model. 

IRC clients are computer programs that users can install on their system or web based applications running either locally in the browser or on a third party server. 

These clients communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other clients. 

IRC is mainly designed for group communication in discussion forums,  called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

 It operates on a client/server model where individuals use a client program to connect to an IRC server. 

IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a protocol for real-time text messaging between internet-connected computers created in 1988. 

It is mainly used for group discussion in chat rooms called “channels” although it supports private messages between two users, data transfer, and various server-side and client-side commands. 

As of April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served over 500,000 users at a time on hundreds of thousands of channels.

Example :-

The following are common chat programs and protocols:

•    AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) (No longer available)
•     Apple Messages
•     BroadCast
•     Camfrog
•     Campfire
•     Google Talk
•     Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
•     Line
•     MUD
•     Skype
•     WeChat
•     WhatsApp
•     Windows Live Messenger
•     Yahoo! Messenger (No longer available)
•     MSN messenger

    

2). Instant Messenger Chats :-

Instant messenger chats means...Instantly message, Send Files, Images and Videos etc through One-on-One Messaging and Group Chat, Chat Rooms. 

Communicate with your team and share your ideas, work updates using one-one communication.

Share files, images, videos to your colleagues just by drag and drop in one-on-one messaging as well as group chats.

Two users who wish to talk to each other, must be using the same Instant Messenger program.

All these Instant Messenger programs are usually free.

However, most of them require the user to register first.

Apart from text chat, we can also interact with other users through voice and video chat.

Chat rooms are places on the internet where you can converse with different types of people like : your far-away friends, relatives, celebrities and with corporations about their various products etc.

Some of the popular chat software are :

•    Skype
•    Google Talk 
•     Windows Live Messenger
•     Skype
•     WeChat
•     WhatsApp
•     Windows Live Messenger
•     Yahoo! Messenger (No longer available)
•     Telegram
•     Google+ Hangouts
•     eBuddy
•     Facebook
•     FilmOn
•     Gmail
•     Google+ (No longer available)

To use these software, download them through internet and install. To chat using such software, you should have a user account.

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(C). Conferencing :~

A conference is a meeting of people who "confer" about a topic. Conference types include: 

1. Physical conference

2. Virtual conference

• Video conferencing is a visual communication session between two or more users regardless of their location, featuring audio and video content transmission in real time.
• The activity of talking to people in different places using phone or computer systems. communication between three or more speakers at different locations.
• It essentially allows a group of individuals, with access to the internet, anywhere around the world, to hold a meeting without having to physically meet one another at a specific location.
• It is a method of communication through which people in different corners of the world can get together and have a meeting in which they are not physically present in one place, but are connected through telecommunications of audio and video.
• It involves the use of video cameras connected to two or more computers.
• Images and sounds are then sent through the internet where users not only hear each other but can also have a face to face conversation.
• This technology is mainly used for virtual meeting among a group of people to discuss political, medical or social affairs.

We can also use video conferencing for :

1. Sharing documents

2. Displaying information on the computer.

3. Sharing a whiteboard for information.

• Using the internet for video conferencing is an inexpensive way of communication.
• There are many websites that allow free video conferencing with people all around the globe.
• Some of the commonly used ones are Net Meeting, MSN Messenger, Skype, Yahoo Messenger etc.
• It is very important to have a web camera and a microphone installed with the computer to enjoy video conferencing.
• Video conferencing is similar to chatting, but it also includes communicating sound and video pictures.
• We can see the example of video conferencing on news channels.

Basic requirements for video conferencing are.

1. Video conferencing software, for example : MS Networking.

2. An internet connection on your computer.

3. A microphone.

4. A web camera.

5. A sound card

6. Phone number of the person to be called.

(D). Internet Telephony :~

Internet telephony is a type of communications technology that allows voice calls and other telephony services like fax, SMS and other voice-messaging applications to be transmitted using the Internet as a connection medium.

Internet Telephony refers to all types of telephony services (including phone calls, fax, voicemail, video calls and other forms of communication) where calls and data are sent digitally over the Internet using the Internet Protocol (IP), rather than being transmitted over traditional analogue landlines.

• Internet telephony is also called IP telephony or broadband telephony. 
• Internet telephony includes a wide range of communication involving various digital phone systems based on numerous IP addresses. 
• It was developed in order to increase productivity by taking advantage of the Internet and various applications attached to it. 
• In contrast, VoIP is merely a digital medium for voice calls offering cheap or free voice calls while adding more voice communication features.
• Internet Telephony  is a technology that allows users to make telephone calls over the Internet.
• User can talk to somebody who is using a computer or can make domestic or international calls from computer to a telephone.
• Internet telephony uses send audio messages between two or more computer users in real time, so the users can converse.
• All form of data, text, voice, video can all be transmitted over the internet.
• Any phone number in the world can be called through a computer based, internet line at a fraction of the cost of a normal landline call.
• The only requirements for online telephony are that your computer needs an Internet connection, speakers and microphone.
• Calls made over the Internet are very cheap than international phone calls.
• Skype is the most popular Internet telephony software.
• With Skype, computer-to-computer calls are free.

Advantages of Internet telephony

Internet Telephony offers many advantages compared to traditional telephony as it makes business communication smarter, more flexible, more comfortable and more cost effective. 

One of its main benefits is that is allows multiple device integration including smartphones and desk phones. Users can, for instance, access their office extension from their smartphone, giving them complete freedom of communication, no matter whether they are working remotely or in the office.

1. Full scalability and flexibility: The best Internet Telephony solutions are hosted in the cloud, so there’s no need for the customer to buy, install and maintain expensive on-premise platforms. Implementation is quick and telephony services, the number of users and any extra features can be scaled up and down as required.
2. Lower costs: Typically, IP Telephony is more cost-efficient than traditional landline and mobile telephony. With a cloud telephony solution, internal calls within an organisation are completely free of charge.
3. Seamless accessibility and portability: Users can access their Internet Telephony services from anywhere and from any device as long as they have an Internet connection. A dedicated app – such as the Cloudya app from NFON – brings all the functionality of the cloud telephone system onto users’ smartphones, from voicemail and contact lists to call forwarding and conference calls. This makes the switch to mobile working easy.
4. Advanced features: With Internet Telephony, voice and data are transported over the same network, making new services possible – such as ‘meet and share’ video calls. Integrations add extra functionality, allowing organisations to streamline all their communication and business processes. For example, Cloudya from NFON integrates with Unified Communications tools such as Microsoft Teams for effective team collaboration. 
5. Excellent voice quality: IP Telephony has come a long way since it was first introduced in the 1990s. As long as the user has a fast and stable Internet connection with good bandwidth, VoIP calls should experience no latency issues or interruptions. In addition, the latest IP phones and headsets are designed to achieve superior sound quality with noise-cancelling and advanced audio compression, cutting out any background noise.

Skype is a proprietary telecommunications application that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, mobile devices, the Skype software is available for free download from the website www.skype.com

Stay in touch! Free online calls, messaging, affordable international calling to mobiles or landlines and instant online meetings on Skype.

Other internet telephony free service in India.

• Wings
• Skype
• WhatsApp
• Facebook Messenger
• Google Duo
• Google Hangouts
• Viber
• Imo
• 
  

B.Ed CC5 ~ MCQ Question

 

BBA :- E-Mail

Email, short for "electronic mail," is one of the most widely used features of the Internet, along with the web. 

It allows you to send and receive messages to and from anyone with an email address, anywhere in the world.

Electronic mail is a method of exchanging messages ("mail") between people using electronic devices.

Email operates across computer networks, primarily the Internet. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model.

email is information stored on a computer that is exchanged between two users over telecommunications. 

More plainly, e-mail is a message that may contain text, files, images, or other attachments sent through a network to a specified individual or group of individuals.

The first e-mail was sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971. Tomlinson sent the e-mail to himself as a test e-mail message, containing the text "something like QWERTYUIOP." 

However, despite sending the e-mail to himself, the e-mail message was still transmitted through ARPANET.

Email can be used in a variety of ways, either personally or within an organization, as well as one on one or among a large group of people.

Uses of email

• Email can be used in a variety of ways, either personally or within an organization, as well as one on one or among a large group of people.
• Most people find email to be a beneficial way to communicate with individuals or small groups of friends or colleagues. 
• It enables users to easily send and receive documents, images, links and other files. Furthermore, it provides users with the flexibility of communicating with others on their own schedule.
• Another beneficial use of email for one-to-one or small group communication could be sending professional follow-up emails after appointments, meetings or interviews or reminding participants of approaching due dates and time-sensitive activities. 
• It also enables users to quickly and easily remind all meeting attendees of an upcoming event or notify the group of a time change. 
• This is assisted by the integration of calendars and appointments into most email service platforms.
• Furthermore, companies can use email to convey information to large amounts of employees, customers and potential customers. 
• Email is frequently used for newsletters, where mailing list subscribers are sent specific, promoted content from a company, and direct email marketing campaigns, where an advertisement or promotion is sent to a targeted group of customers.
• Email can also be used to turn leads into paying customers or to move a potential sale into a completed purchase. For example, a company may create an automated email that is sent to online buyers who keep items in their shopping cart for a specific amount of time. 
• The email may remind the customer that they have products sitting in their cart and encourage them to complete the purchase before the items run out of stock.
• Follow-up emails asking customers to submit a review after making a purchase are also common. They may include a survey asking customers to review the quality of service or the product they have recently received.

Advantages of email

Advantages of email include the following:

• Cost-effective. There are various free email services available to individuals and organizations. Once a user is online, there are no additional charges for the service.
• Email provides users with a nonurgent communication process that enables them to send a response when it is convenient. This also enables users to communicate regardless of their different schedules or time zones.
• If the user has access to the internet, then email can be accessed from anywhere at any time.
• Speed and simplicity. Emails are quick and easy to compose, with information and contacts readily available. They can also be exchanged quickly with minimal lag time.
• Mass sending. Email makes it possible and easy to send one message to large groups of people.
• Email enables users to filter and categorize their messages. This can prevent the visibility of unwanted emails -- like spam and junk mail -- while also making it easier to find specific messages when they're needed.
• Email exchanges can be saved and searched for easily. This enables users to keep important conversations, confirmations or instructions in their records and quickly retrieve them if the need arises.

• Free delivery - Sending an e-mail is virtually free, outside the cost of Internet service. There is no need to buy a postage stamp to send a letter.
• Global delivery - E-mail can be sent to nearly anywhere around the world, to any country.
• Instant delivery - An e-mail can be instantly sent and received by the recipient over the Internet.
• File attachment - An e-mail can include one or more file attachments, allowing a person to send documents, pictures, or other files with an e-mail.
• Long-term storage - E-mails are stored electronically, which allows for storage and archival over long periods of time.
• Environmentally friendly - Sending an e-mail does not require paper (paperless), cardboard, or packing tape, conserving paper resources.

Disadvantages of Email

Disadvantages of email include the following:

• Impersonal: As compared to other forms of communication, emails are less personal. For example, when you talk to anyone over the phone or meeting face to face is more appropriate for communicating than email.
• Misunderstandings: As email includes only text, and there is no tone of voice or body language to provide context. Therefore, misunderstandings can occur easily with email. If someone sends a joke on email, it can be taken seriously. Also, well-meaning information can be quickly typed as rude or aggressive that can impact wrong. Additionally, if someone types with short abbreviations and descriptions to send content on the email, it can easily be misinterpreted.
• Malicious Use: As email can be sent by anyone if they have an only email address. Sometimes, an unauthorized person can send you mail, which can be harmful in terms of stealing your personal information. Thus, they can also use email to spread gossip or false information.
• Accidents Will Happen: With email, you can make fatal mistakes by clicking the wrong button in a hurry. For instance, instead of sending it to a single person, you can accidentally send sensitive information to a large group of people. Thus, the information can be disclosed, when you have clicked the wrong name in an address list. Therefore, it can be harmful and generate big trouble in the workplace.
• Spam: Although in recent days, the features of email have been improved, there are still big issues with unsolicited advertising arriving and spam through email. It can easily become overwhelming and takes time and energy to control.
• Information Overload: As it is very easy to send email to many people at a time, which can create information overload. In many modern workplaces, it is a major problem where it is required to move a lot of information and impossible to tell if an email is important. And, email needs organization and upkeep. The bad feeling is one of the other problems with email when you returned from vacation and found hundreds of unopened emails in your inbox.
• Viruses: Although there are many ways to travel viruses in the devices, email is one of the common ways to enter viruses and infect devices. Sometimes when you get a mail, it might be the virus come with an attached document. And, the virus can infect the system when you click on the email and open the attached link. Furthermore, an anonymous person or a trusted friend or contact can send infected emails.
• Pressure to Respond: If you get emails and you do not answer them, the sender can get annoyed and think you are ignoring them. Thus, this can be a reason to make pressure on your put to keep opening emails and then respond in some way.
• Time Consuming: When you get an email and read, write, and respond to emails that can take up vast amounts of time and energy. Many modern workers spend their most time with emails, which may be caused to take more time to complete work.
• Overlong Messages: Generally, email is a source of communication with the intention of brief messages. There are some people who write overlong messages that can take much time than required.
• Insecure: There are many hackers available that want to gain your important information, so email is a common source to seek sensitive data, such as political, financial, documents, or personal messages. In recent times, there have various high-profile cases occurred that shown how email is insecure about information theft.

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E-mail address

Email id is simply the address where you receive all your emails. just like your phone no. which your you use to get calls and msgs from other peoples. 

Just like that on the internet instead of mobile no, we use email id for that. in other words, we can say that email id is our mobile no. on the internet. an email id looks like this ex.

navyugbbacollege@gmail.com

An email address identifies an email box to which messages are delivered. 

An email address is a unique identifier for an email account. 

 It is used to both send and receive email messages over the Internet. 

 Similar to physical mail, an email message requires an address for both the sender and recipient in order to be sent successfully.

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Email Address Formatting

An email address is a designation for an electronic mailbox that sends and receives messages, known as email, on a computer network. 

Since the 1980s, all email addresses follow the same format: @. An example is below.

navyugbbacollege@gmail.com

Email address consists of three parts 

1. User name :-

The first portion of all e-mail addresses, the part before the @ symbol, contains the alias, user, group, or department of a company. 

In our above example, navyugbbacollege is the college department at Navyug Educational Sankul.

2. @ Sign :-

    Next, the @ (at sign) is a divider in the e-mail address; it's required for all SMTP e-mail addresses since Ray Tomlinson sent the first message.

3. Domain or Host name :-

    Finally, gmail.com is the domain name that the user belongs. The .com is the TLD (top-level domain) for our domain.

On the far right, the .com component represents the top level domain (TLD) for the email address. It could also be replaced with .org, .edu, or another entity. Commonly-used TLDs include:

• .com: Used by entities engaged in commerce
  
• .org: Used by nonprofit organizations
  
• .edu: Used by educational institutions
  
• .net: Used by network providers
  
• .gov: Used by governmental agencies
  

The domain name is the specific name of the organization. This could be any name, but familiar ones include Google.com or Target.com. The combination of the organization name and TLD is the address entered into a browser to go to the organization’s website. 

 The @ (pronounced “at”) symbol is the connector between the domain and the person who the email address belongs to. In this case, the person or company is Navyugbbacollege. 

When an email is sent to this address, the message is sent to navyugbbacollege at the domain name.

Domain names can be commercial or personal. Popular email providers for business or personal use include Gmail, Yahoo, and Microsoft Outlook. 

 Businesses and websites can purchase custom email addresses for their domain through one of these options or through their website hosting provider.

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How to send and receive e-mail

E-mail program

• To send and receive e-mail messages, you can use an e-mail program, also known as an e-mail client, such as Microsoft Outlook or Mozilla Thunderbird. 
• When using an e-mail client, a server that stores and delivers your messages is used. This server is often hosted by your ISP, but can be another Internet company. 
• An e-mail client needs to connect to a server to download new e-mail, whereas e-mail stored online is always available to any Internet-connected device. 
• For more information about cloud e-mail service, see the difference between webmail and an e-mail client, below.

Online e-mail

• An alternative way of sending and receiving e-mail (and the more popular solution for most people) is an online e-mail service or webmail. 
• Examples include Hotmail (now Outlook.com), Gmail, and Yahoo Mail. 
• Many of the online e-mail services, including the ones we mentioned, are free or have a free account option.

Best Free Email Accounts

•     Gmail
•     AOL
•     Outlook
•     Zoho
•     Mail.com
•     Yahoo! Mail
•     ProtonMail
•     iCloud Mail
•     GMX Mail
•     Mozilla Thunderbird
•     Yandex Mail

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Writing an e-mail

When writing an e-mail message, it should look something like the example window below. 

As you can see, several fields are required when sending an e-mail:

• The To field is where the e-mail address of the person receiving the e-mail is placed.

• The From field should contain your e-mail address.

• If you are replying to a message, the To: and From: fields are automatically filled out. If it's a new message, you'll need to specify the recipients in the To: field by selecting them from your contact list or by typing the e-mail addresses. If you enter more than one recipient (e.g., group e-mail), the addresses should be separated by a comma and a space, or by pressing the Tab key.

• The Subject should consist of a few words describing the e-mail's contents. The subject lets the recipient see what the e-mail is about, without opening and reading the full e-mail. This field is optional.

• The CC ("Carbon Copy") field allows you to specify recipients who are not direct addressees (listed in the "To" field). For instance, you can address an e-mail to Jeff and CC Linda and Steven. Although the e-mail is addressed to Jeff, Linda and Steven also receive a copy and everyone can see who received the e-mail. This field is optional.

• The BCC ("blind carbon copy") field is similar to CC, except the recipients are secret. Each BCC recipient will receive the e-mail, but will not see who else received a copy. The addressees (anyone listed in the "To" field) remain visible to all recipients. This field is optional.

• Finally, the Message Body is the location you type your main message. It often contains your signature at the bottom; similar to a handwritten letter.

What can be sent in an e-mail?

In addition to text messages being sent over e-mail, it is also possible to attach a file or other data in an e-mail. 

For example, an attachment could be a picture, PDF, word processor document, movie, program, or any file stored on your computer. 

However, because of some security issues, it may not be possible to send certain types of files without additional steps. 

For example, many companies block .exe files from being sent over e-mail and would require you to compress the file into a .zip file. 

Also, most e-mail providers have file size restrictions that would prevent any large files or programs from being sent over e-mail.

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Features of E-mail Program 

1. New message or compose

New Message button allows you to write a new e-mail to someone by invoking the e-mail authoring program

Choose New Email to start a new message. 

Enter a name or email address in the To, Cc, or Bcc field.

If you don't see Bcc, see Show, hide, and view the Bcc box.

In Subject, type the subject of the email message.

Place the cursor in the body of the email message, and then start typing.

After typing your message, choose Send.

2. Reply

Reply button allows you to send a reply to someone who has sent you an e-mail.

3. Reply to All

Sometimes you receive an e-mail of which you are not the only recipient. This button allows you to reply to all of the e-mail addresses from that e-mail.

4. Forward

Forward button helps you to forward a message, which you have received, to someone else.

5. Send and Receive

Send and Receive button serves two function. It will query your mail server and receive any new e-mail that might be waiting for you, and it will send any pending messages, that you have authored, to your e-mail server.

6.  Delete

Delete button allows you to delete the selected message.

7. Print

Sometimes you might want to keep a hard copy of the message with your.

 In such case, Print button allows you to take a printout, if the system is connected to the printer.

Email Tutorial Video :-

Click here